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The Arikara called themselves Arickaree, but they were also known as the Sahnish |
| The
Arikara (also Arikaree, Ree) refers to a group of Native
Americans that speak a Caddoan language and they formerly
inhabiting the Missouri River valley. They were a semi-nomadic group that lived on the plains of South Dakota for several hundred years. Traditional Arikara life was based on agriculture and trade with the Plains Indians to the west. Their primary crop was corn ( or maize ), and it was such an important aspect of their society that it was often referred to as "Mother Corn." They traded corn with hunting tribes in return for buffalo hides and meat, and they were active in bartering with white traders, who frequently called them the Rees. They lived in earth-covered lodges. In winter they hunted buffalo. Their culture was decimated by small pox in the late 1830s. Arikaras served as scouts for Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer during the Little Bighorn Campaign. In 1876, a large group of Arikara led by accompanied Custer and the 7th Cavalry, this time on the Little Big Horn Expedition. It was the Arikara scouts who were in the lead when the village was attacked. Several scouts drove off Lakota horses, as they had been ordered, and others fought alongside the troopers. Three Arikara scouts were killed: Little Brave, Bobtail Bull, and Bloody Knife. They were associated with the Mandan and the Hidatsa. These three tribes now share the Fort Berthold Reservation in North Dakota. |
| There were the
following tribal divisions and bands: Hachepiriinu Hia Hosukhaunu Hosukhaunukarerihu Kaka Paushuk Sukhutit |
