Made and painted by John Groeneveld ( Non-Native
American ).
The meaning and owner of the
shield, see below.
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The meaning of the shield:
Because the male elk will fight to
his death to protect his mate, Plains-Indians
naturally chose it as a symbol of love and power.
An Elk Dreamer was one who saw elk in his vision
and thereby obtained the power of elk medicine.
If a young man had trouble finding a mate, if
spouses were fighting, the Elk Dreamer was sought
because he had the power to help.
This shield identifies the owner as having the
power of elk medicine.
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The owner of the shield:
Unknown
Collected by Emile Granier on the Wind River
Reservation in 1898.
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Used materials:
Willow hoop
Rawhide
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The original shield
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Museum:
Unknown
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