Made and painted by John Groeneveld ( Non-Native
American ).
The meaning and owner of the
shield, see below.
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The meaning of the shield:
The
shield has spiritual significance in that it
represents No Two Horns's vision.
Its prominent motif is a Thunderbird with
undulating lines radiating from the top of its
wings. Possibly represent spiritual power or
thunder and lightning.
In his pictographs No Two Horns shows the shield
with four eagle feathers fastened to the tips of
the wings.
The background is predominantly red and there is
a blue rectangle at the top of the shield.
No Two Horns made a number of copies of his
shield.
Seven shields have been located that bear this
heraldic imagery.
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The owner of the shield:
No Two Horns ( He Nopa Wanica )
was born in 1857, the son of Red Hail ( Wasu Luta
), a cousin of Sitting Bull ( Tatanka Iyotaka ).
He was a member of the Kit Fox Warrior society,
and he rode with war parties against the
Assiniboine when he was only 14 years old.
Although it is not known where this Hunkpapa
warrior fought at the Little BigHorn, it is
probable that he left the Hunkpapa camp circle at
the southern end of the camp to take part of the
fighting against Reno.
After the battle he escaped to Canada with
Sitting Bull.
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Used materials:
Willow hoop
Rawhide
Duck feathers
Imitation eagle feathers
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The original shield
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Museum:
National American
Indian Museum
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Click on image
for larger view
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