Made and painted by John Groeneveld ( Non-Native
American ).
The meaning and owner of the
shield, see below.
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The meaning of the shield:
The black lines around the shield
represent the separation of heaven and earth. The
blue spot and painted yellow ring symbolizes the
boundary of the sky and horizon; the four lines
pointing outward from the ring represent the
"four paths of the wind," the four
directions from which the people will receive
help. The two stars represent Venus, The Evening
Star a symbol frequently used in the culture of
the PlainsIndians.
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The owner of the shield:
The original shield belonged to San Juan, the
last great chief of the Mescalero Apache. San
Juan helped guide his people from the warring
days into a peaceful reservation life and
cooperation with US Government.
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Used materials:
Willow hoop
Rawhide
Tin cones.
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Click on image
for larger view
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San Juan
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Click on image
for larger view
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