Made and painted by John Groeneveld ( Non-Native
American ).
The meaning and owner of the
shield, see below.
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The meaning of the shield:
The meaning of the shield:
The hand print is the ultimate
signature and sign of ownership.
The hand print also signified the highest
warrior’s coup an enemy in battle.
In peacetime these markings represent wisdom and
responsibility.
At war, they mean strength, courage and cunning.
Hail ( the white spots ) are manifestations of
Thunderbirds.
The color red represents life and blood of the
people.
Black ( danger )
Red ( life
and blood )
White ( life
hereafter )
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The owner of the shield:
Unknown
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Used materials:
Willow hoop
Rawhide
Medicinebundle
Imitation eagle feather
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