Made and painted by John Groeneveld ( Non-Native
American ).
The meaning and owner of the
shield, see below.
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The meaning of the shield:
On the shield a tanned and braided
Blackfoot scalp taken by a Crow. It is sewn to a
circle of tanned leather, which is beaded. A
medicine bag is tied to the top.
Among Plainsindians, scalps were taken for war
honours, usually from dead enemies, although some
warriors preferred a live voctim.
Removal of all or part of the scalp, with hair
attached, from an enemy's head. The operation was
not necessarily fatal.
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The owner of the shield:
Unknown
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Used materials:
Willow hoop
Rawhide
Scalp ( imitation human hair )
Hawk bells
Beads
Imitation eagle feathers
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