Made and painted by John Groeneveld ( Non-Native
American ).
The meaning and owner of the
shield, see below.
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The meaning of the shield:
The shield was decorated by the
owner with designs of spiritual significance to
bring him success and protection.
The shield would act as protection in war and
during horse raiding.
The design, representing the sun and moon, would
have been come to the owner in a vision.
The shield may be collected by Duke Paul
Württemberg in September 1823 from a Pawnee
chief Schakč-ru-Leshar.
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The owner of the shield:
Schakč-ru-leshar
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Used materials :
Willow hoop
Rawhide
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The original shield
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Museum:
The British Museum
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